Browsing by Author "Dube, C."

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    A study of scavenging poultry gastrointestinal and ecto-parasites in rural areas of Matebeleland Province, Zimbabwe.
    (Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010) Dube, S.; Zindi, P.; Mbanga, J.; Dube, C.
    A study was carried out to determine endo and ecto-parasites in Matebeleland North and South from free range chickens (Gallus domesticus). Only adult chickens were selected for determination of parasite. For intestinal parasites microscopic studies of eggs and faecal egg counts were done using the salt floatation technique. The endo parasites encountered in the study were Tetrameres americana, Acuaria hamulosa, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, H. dispar, Allodapa suctoria, Capillaria annulate, Raillietina echinobothrida and R. tetragona. A commercially prepared insecticide constituted as follows (0.02% Tetamethrin, 0.03% pramethrin and 0.034% Imiprothrin) was applied for 2 seconds and feathers were then gentle unruffled so that ectoparasites could be counted and identified. Ecto parasites recorded in this study were Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Dermanyssus gallinae, Argas persicus, Ornithonyssus bursa, Cnemidocoptes mutans, Echidnophaga gallinacean, Gonocoites gallinae and Gonocoites hologester.
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    Prevalence of Paramphistomes in Mashonaland West, Central, and East, and Midlands Provinces, Zimbabwe
    (Acta ZoologicaTaiwanica, 2002) Dube, S.; Siwela, Andrew H.; Masanganise, K.E.; Dube, C.
    Paramphistomes were collected from cattle from various localities in Mashonaland West, Central, and East and Midlands Provinces. After slaughter, their rumens and reticulum were cut open and examined for paramphistomes. Identifications were based on the morphological structuresand measurementsof diagnosticfeaturesfrom flattened and median sagittal sections. Analysis of the structures of the acetabulum, pharynx, and genital atrium revealed the following parasites in the area, Paramphistomum microbothrium, P. clavula, Calicophoron calicophorum, C. raja, and Gigantocotyle symmeri. The average number of cattle found infected annually was 29.39% with an upper limit of the range of around 69%. Parasite loads and damage to tissues were not serious in most cases, except in a few severe cases where the papillae were damaged and a catarrhal pus-like exudate was noticed on the mucosa
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    Studies on paramphistomes infecting goats and sheep from Gwanda District in Zimbabwe
    (ZJST, 2010) Dube, S.; Masanganise, K.E.; Dube, C.
    Paramphistomes were collected from 3000 goats and 1000 sheep from various localities in Gwanda district in Matabeleland South Province Zimbabwe. On slaughter their stomachs,rumens and reticulum were cut open and their inner walls were examined for attached paramphistomes. Identifications were based on the morphological structures and measurements of diagnostic features from flattened and median sagittal sections. Analysis of the structures of the acetabulum, pharynx and genital atrium revealed the following parasites in the area, Calicophoron microbothrium, Calicophoron clavula and Ceylonocotyle dicranocoelium. The degree of tissue damage on the host was generally slight except for cases where Ceylonocotyle dicranocoelium was involved. The percentage of goats infected with paramphistomes was 2% while in sheep it was 6%. The number of parasites in goats ranged from 5 to 500 while in sheep the range was 5 to 1000.
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    Studies on the Effects of Reducing the Period of Using Starter Mesh and Application of Probiotics to Broiler Chickens.
    (Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009) Dube, S.; Mwenje, S.E.; Gora, K.; Dube, C.
    Two sets of 150 day old broiler chickens were fed with starter mesh for 14 and 21 days respectively and there after given grower mesh until day 35 after which both were fed on finisher until day 42. There was no significant difference in the final carcass mass of both (p>0.05). Another trial was set up to investigate the effect of application of probiotics as liquid and as powder on 2500 birds per treatment and a control with no probiotics was also set up. The results showed that probiotics applied as liquid had the best effect on PEF and FCR. The experiment to determine the best time to apply probiotics was conducted on 2000 birds per treatment. The results showed that the best performance was obtained when application of probiotics was started at 14 days The PEF was also highest on birds which started probiotics on day 14.
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    Towards improved utilization of macimbi Imbrasia belina Linnaeus, 1758 as food and financial resource for people in the Gwanda district of Zimbabwe
    (Zimbabwe Journal of Science & Technology, 2010) Dube, S.; Dube, C.
    Macimbi have two generations per annum one in November and the other in April. The November generation has a higher population per tree 206.9±56.7 than the April generation 100±25. The growth rate is the same for both generations. Each moth oviposits on one tree and the average distance between oviposited trees is 45.7±15 m. The protein and fat content of the larvae are 59% and 14% respectively. The mass of fresh full-grown ‘worms’ is 12g and they are 8-9cm long. The growth rate is increased when the relative humidity is above 75% and the temperature is 30±2oC. Worms harvested before maturity need evisceration whereas those gathered when fully grown need no evisceration. Spines begin to be effective as defense mechanism against predators after the fourth week. The pupa stage lasts 38±2 days for the November generation and 180±12 days for the April generation because of winter. It is suggested that persons be allocated woodlots as this could lead to responsible and sustainable harvesting and protection of the environment.
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    Towards improved utilization of macimbi Imbrasia belina Linnaeus,1758 as food and financial resource for people in the Gwanda district of Zimbabwe
    (ZJST, 2010) Dube, S.; Dube, C.
    Macimbi have two generations per annum one in November and the other in April. The November generation has a higher population per tree 206.9±56.7 than the April generation 100±25. The growth rate is the same for both generations. Each moth oviposits on one tree and the average distance between oviposited trees is 45.7±15 m. The protein and fat content of the larvae are 59% and 14% respectively. The mass of fresh full-grown ‘worms’ is 12g and they are 8-9cm long. The growth rate is increased when the relative humidity is above 75% and the temperature is 30±2oC. Worms harvested before maturity need evisceration whereas those gathered when fully grown need no evisceration. Spines begin to be effective as defense mechanism against predators after the fourth week. The pupa stage lasts 38±2 days for the November generation and 180±12 days for the April generation because of winter. It is suggested that persons be allocated woodlots as this could lead to responsible and sustainable harvesting and protection of the environment.