Browsing by Author "Masanganise, K.E."

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    Oxidative stress associated with nematode infections in sheep: a preliminary study
    (International Formulae Group, 2010-02) Siwela, Andrew H.; Mambvura, Chiedza Isabel; Masanganise, K.E.; Dube, S.
    A hundred and seven sheep slaughtered at the Cold Storage Company (CSC) in Bulawayo, were examined for nematode parasite infections using coporological methods. Direct smear and salt floatation methods were used to observe nematode parasite eggs. Nine sheep were found to be infested with nematode eggs only. Nine uninfected sheep were used as controls. Liver samples collected from the infected and noninfected sheep were used for assays of the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and diphosphotriphosho-diaphorase (DTD) as well as the intermediary metabolic enzyme,succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Lipid peroxidation was assayed by determining malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Significantly higher GPX activities were observed in infected sheep when compared with non- infected sheep (p < 001). No difference in the activity of DTD was observed in both infected and non-infected sheep (p>0.05). Parasitic infection resulted in significant reduction in SDH activity (p <0.05) and significantly higher MDA levels (p < 0.01). This study suggests that parasitic infections induce oxidative stress.
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    Paramphistome species infecting cattle in Matabeleland North province in Zimbabwe
    (University of Zambia Press, 2005-11-20) Dube, S.; Siwela, Andrew H.; Dlamini, N.R.; Masanganise, K.E.
    Two thousand five hundred and eighty three cattle originating fromvarious localities in Matabeleland North province were examined for adult paramphistomes in wet season and two thousand two hundred and twenty in dry season. On slaughter, the rumen and reticulum of each amimal were cut open and inner walls examined for attached paramphistomes. About 37% were infected by paramphistomes in the wet season and 39% in the dry season. Applying t-test showed no significant differences at p<0.05 between infected cattle in the dry and wet seasons. In the wet season proximity to the dry season did not significantly influence the prevalence at p<0.05. Morphological structures and measurement of diagnostic features were me i median sagittal sections. Analysis of the structures of acetabulum, pharnyx, and genital atrium revealed the following parasites in the area: paramphistomum microbothrium, paramphostomum clavula, calicophoron calicophorum, calicophoron raja, and Gigantocolye symmeri in 20%, 2%, 10%, 2% and 5% of cattle examined respectively. The visible damage by adult parasites on the host's tissue was a result of sucking the rumen and reticulum mucosa into the acetabulum, which eventually nipped off, leading to slightly hardened areas devoid of ruga due to necrosis. In a few severe casesthe papillae was damaged and catarrhal pus like exudate was noticed on the mucosa.
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    Prevalence of Paramphistomes in Mashonaland West, Central, and East, and Midlands Provinces, Zimbabwe
    (Acta ZoologicaTaiwanica, 2002) Dube, S.; Siwela, Andrew H.; Masanganise, K.E.; Dube, C.
    Paramphistomes were collected from cattle from various localities in Mashonaland West, Central, and East and Midlands Provinces. After slaughter, their rumens and reticulum were cut open and examined for paramphistomes. Identifications were based on the morphological structuresand measurementsof diagnosticfeaturesfrom flattened and median sagittal sections. Analysis of the structures of the acetabulum, pharynx, and genital atrium revealed the following parasites in the area, Paramphistomum microbothrium, P. clavula, Calicophoron calicophorum, C. raja, and Gigantocotyle symmeri. The average number of cattle found infected annually was 29.39% with an upper limit of the range of around 69%. Parasite loads and damage to tissues were not serious in most cases, except in a few severe cases where the papillae were damaged and a catarrhal pus-like exudate was noticed on the mucosa
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    Studies on paramphistomes infecting goats and sheep from Gwanda District in Zimbabwe
    (ZJST, 2010) Dube, S.; Masanganise, K.E.; Dube, C.
    Paramphistomes were collected from 3000 goats and 1000 sheep from various localities in Gwanda district in Matabeleland South Province Zimbabwe. On slaughter their stomachs,rumens and reticulum were cut open and their inner walls were examined for attached paramphistomes. Identifications were based on the morphological structures and measurements of diagnostic features from flattened and median sagittal sections. Analysis of the structures of the acetabulum, pharynx and genital atrium revealed the following parasites in the area, Calicophoron microbothrium, Calicophoron clavula and Ceylonocotyle dicranocoelium. The degree of tissue damage on the host was generally slight except for cases where Ceylonocotyle dicranocoelium was involved. The percentage of goats infected with paramphistomes was 2% while in sheep it was 6%. The number of parasites in goats ranged from 5 to 500 while in sheep the range was 5 to 1000.