Browsing by Author "Mavondo, Greanious Alfred Alfrd"

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    Asiatic acid-pectin hydrogel matrix patch transdermal delivery system influences parasitaemia suppression and inflammation reduction in P. berghei murine malaria infected Sprague-Dawley rats
    (Elsevier, 2016-10-12) Mavondo, Greanious Alfred Alfrd; Tagumirwa, Musabayane Cephas
    Objective: To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid (AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. Methods: A topical once-off AA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)- or chloroquine (CHQ)-pectin patch was applied on the shaven dorsal neck region of Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats (90- 120 g) on day 7 after infection. Eating and drinking habits, weight changes, malaria effects and %parasitaemia were compared among animal groups over 21 d. Results: AA-pectin patch application preserved food and water intake together with %weight gain. All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15%-20%) by day 7. AA doses suppressed parasitaemia significantly. AA 5 mg/kg patch was most effective. AA and CHQ displayed bimodal time-spaced peaks. CHQ patch had a longer time course to clear parasitaemia. Conclusions: AA influences bio-physicochemical changes and parasitaemia suppression in dose dependent manner. In comparison by dose administered, AA has much better efficacy than CHQ. AA may be a useful antimalarial. AA and CHQ displays bimodal peaks suggesting possible synergism if used in combination therapy
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    Malaria Disease Perspective and an Opinion: Should Malaria Treatment Target the Parasite or the Malarial Pathophysiology Generated by the Parasite or Both?
    (EC MICROBIOLOGY, 2017-04-15) Mavondo, Greanious Alfred Alfrd
    The malaria disease is caused by primarily four protozoan microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito namely: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. Malariae, P. ovalae. A fourth one, P. knowlesi is known natural pathogen of the marquis but can also infect human. With its ability to infect both mature and immature red blood cells (RBC’s), multiply rapidly, cause severe malaria anaemia (SMA), adhere to blood vessels endothelium, cause cerebral malaria, P. falciparum causes the most complications of the disease with high fatality rates. The most prevalent human malaria parasite is P. vivax with a propensity to relapse when dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) are activate to reinvade RBC’s many months to years after the initial malarial infection. The other parasites cause varying disease manifestation with less fatalities.