Sports Science and Coaching

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    Mnqgwayi: a stick throwing game of the Kalanga people of Zimbabwe.
    (AFAHPER-SD, 2008) Gundani, M.P.D.; Mugundani, S.C.; Makaza, D.; Kanji, M.; Tapera, E.M.
    This paper describes an indigenous game, mngqwayi, a stick throwing game of the Kalanga people of Zimbabwe. Participation in traditional indigenous games by communities improves their quality of life by supporting self-determined sports, games and cultural activities, which encourages equal access to participation in the social and cultural fabric of the communities. Data was collected from a population of the Kalanga people of Zimbabwe. Focus Group Discussions, individual interviews, demonstrations, observations, visual recordings and audio recordings assisted in capturing of physical skills, techniques and game patterns. Players, mostly boys, played the game in summer on grasslands and riverbanks, used long slender sticks blunt at one end and aerodynamically sharpened at the other end, with the object of having the stick icochet, slide on the ground or traject off the ground for some distance. Competence is premised on power, skill and technique, from which, mngqwayi can be classified as a game of physical skill. The physical and cultural appeal of this game makes it ideal for sportification and institutionalization.
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    Jowe-Jowe: Traditional Kalanga Girls Song Game
    (Association For Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport And Dance, 2011-09) Gundani, M.P.D.; Daga, Makaza; Amusa, L.O.; Banda, M.
    This paper describes jowe-jowe, one of the traditional indigenous games of the Kalanga people of Zimbabwe and assesses the games’ potential in providing overt educational, psychomotor and social out comes to the participants. Kalanga constitutes the people and language from south western parts of Zimbabwe in Bulilima and Mangwe Districts. Jowe-jowe is a girls’ play game song that is associated with the Kalanga speaking people of Masendu area. Data was collected from a population of the Kalanga women of Masendu ward. Focus group discussions, individual interviews, demonstrations, observations, visual recordings and audio recordings assisted in capturing of physical skills, techniques and game patterns. The study established that the game’s content of jowe-jowe is designed along gender lines based on women domestic chores of pounding and grinding grain for meals. The game involves getting astride one or two wooden pestles placed horizontally on the ground forming a cross with the other. The girls shuffle their feet backwards astride one or more pounding wooden pestles, with arms akimbo as they sing. It sets one form of practice suitable for the women and not men, where the main theme is aesthetic modelling for self-esteem realization in young girls as they perform the domestic chores. The main implements for the game were the same wooden pestles used for pounding grain in a mortar. It was concluded that this game has a lot of merit and can be easily introduced to schools with little cost to ensure that the game is preserved.
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    Results From Zimbabwe’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
    (Human Kinetics, 2016) Manyanga, Taru; Makaza, D.; Mahachi, Carol; Mlalazi, Tholumusa.F; Masocha, Vincent; Rutsate, H; Tremblay, Mark. S
    Background: The report card was a synthesis of the best available evidence on the performance of Zimbabwean children and youth on key physical activity (PA) indicators. The aim of this article was to summarize the results from the 2016 Zimbabwe Report Card. Methods: The Report Card Working Group gathered and synthesized the best available evidence, met, discussed and assigned grades to 10 indicators based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance global matrix grading system. Results: The indicators were graded as follows: overall PA (C+), organized sport participation (B), active play (D+), active transportation (A-), sedentary behaviors (B), school (D), family and peers (Incomplete), community and the built environment (F), government (D) and nongovernmental organizations (Incomplete). Conclusions: Although the majority of children used active transport, played organized sports and engaged in acceptable levels of PA, most of them did not meet the recommended hours of unstructured/unorganized play per day. At present, there are limited data to accurately inform the Zimbabwe Report Card therefore studies employing robust research designs with representative samples are needed. Zimbabwe also needs to prioritize policies and investments that promote greater and safe participation in PA among children and youth
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    Process Evaluation of a Sport-Based Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Demand-Creation Intervention in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
    (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2016-10-01) DeCelles, Jeff; Hershow, Rebecca. B; Kaufman, Zachary. A; Gannett, Katherine.R; Kombandeya, Thandanani; Chaibva, Cynthia N; Ross, David. A; Harrison, Abigail
    Introduction: Grassroot Soccer (GRS) developed 2 brief and scalable voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) promotion interventions for males in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, consisting of a 60-minute interactive, soccer-themed educational session with follow-up behavioral and logistical reinforcement. Both interventions were led by circumcised male community leaders (“coaches”) ages 18–30. “Make The Cut” (MTC) targeted adult males on soccer teams and “Make The Cut+” targeted boys in secondary schools. We conducted a process evaluation of MTC and Make The Cut+ to investigate perceptions of program impact, intervention components, and program delivery; participants’ understandings of intervention content; and factors related to uptake. Methods: We conducted 17 interviews and 2 focus group discussions with coaches and 29 interviews with circumcised (n = 13) and uncircumcised participants (n = 16). Results: Findings demonstrate high program acceptability, highlighting the coach–participant relationship as a key factor associated with uptake. Specifically, participants valued the coaches’ openness to discuss their personal experiences with VMMC and the accompaniment by their coaches to the VMMC clinic. Conclusions: Should the coach quality remain consistent at scale, MTC offers an effective approach toward generating VMMC demand among males.