Applied Biology and Biochemistry Publications
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Browsing Applied Biology and Biochemistry Publications by Subject "Antibiotic resistance"
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- ItemAntimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with Colibacillosis in and around Harare, Zimbabwe.(American Association of Avian Pathologists, 2012-11-14) Saidi, Bamusi; Mafirakureva, Prettimore; Mbanga, JoshuaColibacillosis, a disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC),can lead to great economic losses in the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalance of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance patterns in APEC in Zimbabwe. From 503 chickens diagnosed with Colibacillosis, 103 E. coli isolates were obtained. Isolation and identification of E. coli were carried out using microscopy and boichemical tests. The disc diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to 8 commercial antibiotics. Many isolates exhibited resistance to more than one antibiotic. Antibiogram profiles indicated maximum resistance to tetracycline (100%), bacitracin(100%), and cloxacillin (100%) and a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin(94.1%0. However; there were high prevalences of sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (100%) and gentamycin (97.1%). The isolates showed moderate rates of sensitivity to chloramphenicol and neomycin.All isolatesin this study showed multidrug resistance because they were all resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Seven multidrug resistance patterns were observed. The most common pattern (resistance to ampicillin, bacitracin,cloxacillin and tetracycline) was exhibited by 30 isolates.Our findings show that there is emerging drug resistance in APEC associated with colibacillosis in Zimbabwe. The observed high level of multidrug resistance could hamper the treatment of colibacillosis in Zimbabwe.
- ItemMolecular characterization and antibiotic resistance patterns of avian fecal Escherichia coli from turkeys, geese, and ducks(Veterinary world, 2018-06) Dube, Nokukhanya; Mbanga, JoshuaBackground and Aim: Avian fecal Escherichia coli (AFEC) are considered to be the natural reservoir of pathogenic strains in extraintestinal infections as such characterization of AFEC gives insight into the spread of the potential pathogenic lineage. The aim of the study was to investigate the reservoirs of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) from fecal samples of healthy ducks, geese, and turkeys by determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of AFEC isolates from turkeys, geese and ducks and characterization of the isolates using virulence genes, plasmid profiles, and phylogenetic grouping. Materials and Methods: The disc diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance of 100 AFEC isolates from turkeys (9), geese (29), and ducks (62) to 8 antibiotics. Molecular characterization of the isolates was done by multiplex polymerase chain reaction to investigate the presence of 12 virulence genes, plasmid profiling, and phylogenetic grouping based on the 16S rRNA sequences. Results: Antibiogram profiles indicated maximum resistance to cloxacillin (100%) and bacitracin (100%) for all AFEC isolates and high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin; however, all isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance. The AFEC isolates from turkeys (6) and geese (12) did not contain virulence genes. The frz (3.7%), sitD (29.6%), and fimH (92.5%) were detected in the duck isolates. None of the isolates had the KpsM, iutA, vat, sitA, hlyF, pstB, ompT, uvrY, and sopB genes. Plasmid profiling gave four plasmid profiles with the plasmids ranging from 1.5 to 55 kb. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed similarities between AFEC isolates from the different poultry species, as the isolates did not cluster according to avian species. Conclusion: AFEC isolates are potential reservoirs of APEC as they contain some of the virulence genes associated with APEC. Multidrug resistance is high in AFEC isolated from healthy birds. This is a public health concern.
- ItemVirulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli(Academic Journals, 2014-10-22) Mbanga, Joshua; Mudzana, RaymondUrinary tract infections (UTIs)are one of the most common infections in humans and the commonest cause is Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC possess various virulence factors which enable them to survive and grow in urine and other extra-intestinal environments. Similarly, avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC) are known for their ability to cause extra-intestinal diseases in birds. Since APEC and UPEC may encounter similar challenges when establishing infection in these locations, they may share a similar content of virulence genes and capacity to cause disease. In this study, 40 UPEC isolates were obtained from patients with suspected UTIs. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to screen the 40 UPEC isolates for 12 virulence genes usually associated with APEC isolates. The iutA (35%), frimH (32,5%), VAT (17.5%), sitA (17.5%), sitD (15%), hlyF (12,5%), pstB (10%) and frz (7.5%) genes were detected. None of the isolates had the kpsM, ompT, unvrY and sopB genes. Antibiotic resistance patterns were also determined for all 40 isolates. A high resistance to ampicillin (90%) and tetracycline (75%) accompanied by a high sensitivity to gentamycin (82.5%) and nitrofurantoin (62.5%) was observed. Eleven multi-drug resistance patterns were observed in 65% (26/40) of the isolates. The studied UPEC isolates were shown to possess APEC associated virulence genes at low percentage frequencies suggesting a slight overlap in virulence genotypes. Antibiotic resistance patterns suggest surveillance programs to monitor drug resistance should be put in place.